'Amortecedores' qua¢nticos permitem que a perovskita exiba superfluorescaªncia a temperatura ambiente
Um novo estudo explora o mecanismo envolvido nessa transia§a£o de fase qua¢ntica macrosca³pica e explica como e por que materiais como as perovskitas exibem coeraªncia qua¢ntica macrosca³pica em altas temperaturas.
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)
Crédito: Universidade Estadual da Carolina do Norte
Perovskitas semicondutoras que exibem superfluorescaªncia a temperatura ambiente o fazem devido a "absorvedores de choque" tanãrmicos embutidos que protegem os dipolos dentro do material da interferaªncia tanãrmica. Um novo estudo da Universidade Estadual da Carolina do Norte explora o mecanismo envolvido nessa transição de fase qua¢ntica macrosca³pica e explica como e por que materiais como as perovskitas exibem coeraªncia qua¢ntica macrosca³pica em altas temperaturas.
Imagine um cardume de peixes nadando em unassono ou o piscar sincronizado de vaga-lumes — exemplos de comportamento coletivo na natureza. Quando um comportamento coletivo semelhante acontece no mundo qua¢ntico osum fena´meno conhecido como transição de fase qua¢ntica macrosca³pica osisso leva a processos exa³ticos como supercondutividade, superfluidez ou superfluorescaªncia. Em todos esses processos, um grupo departículas qua¢nticas forma um sistema macroscopicamente coerente que age como uma partacula qua¢ntica gigante.
A superfluorescaªncia éuma transição de fase qua¢ntica macrosca³pica na qual uma população de pequenas unidades emissoras de luz conhecidas como dipolos formam um dipolo qua¢ntico gigante e simultaneamente irradiam uma explosão de fa³tons. Semelhante a supercondutividade e superfluidez, a superfluorescaªncia normalmente requer que temperaturas criogaªnicas sejam observadas, porque os dipolos saem de fase muito rapidamente para formar um estado coletivamente coerente.
Recentemente, uma equipe liderada por Kenan Gundogdu, professor de física da NC State e autor correspondente de um artigo que descreve o trabalho, observou superfluorescaªncia a temperatura ambiente em perovskitas habridas.
"Nossas observações iniciais indicaram que algo estava protegendo esses a¡tomos de distúrbios tanãrmicos em temperaturas mais altas", diz Gundogdu.
A equipe analisou a estrutura e as propriedades a³pticas de uma perovskita habrida de chumbo-haleto comum. Eles notaram a formação de polarons nesses materiais osquasipartaculas feitas de movimento de rede ligado e elanãtrons. O movimento da rede refere-se a um grupo de a¡tomos que estãooscilando coletivamente. Quando um elanãtron se liga a esses a¡tomos oscilantes, um polaron se forma.
"Nossa análise mostrou que a formação de grandes polarons cria um mecanismo de filtro de ruado vibracional tanãrmico que chamamos de 'Ana¡logo Qua¢ntico de Isolamento de Vibração', ou QAVI", diz Gundogdu.
De acordo com Franky So, Walter e Ida Freeman Distinguished Professor de Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais na NC State, "Em termos leigos, QAVI éum amortecedor . Uma vez que os dipolos são protegidos pelos amortecedores, eles podem sincronizar e exibir superfluorescaªncia." Assim écoautor da pesquisa.
Segundo os pesquisadores, o QAVI éuma propriedade intranseca que existe em certos materiais, como as perovskitas habridas. No entanto, entender como esse mecanismo funciona pode levar a dispositivos qua¢nticos que podem operar a temperatura ambiente .
“Entender esse mecanismo não apenas resolve um grande quebra-cabea§a da física, mas pode nos ajudar a identificar, selecionar e também adaptar materiais com propriedades que permitem coeraªncia qua¢ntica estendida e transições de fase qua¢ntica macrosca³picasâ€, diz Gundogdu.
A pesquisa aparece na Nature Photonics.