Por que Vaªnus gira, lentamente, apesar do poderoso aperto do sol: a atmosfera do planeta explica a gravidade da situação
A rotaa§a£o lenta, por sua vez, tem consequaªncias drama¡ticas para o clima sufocante de Vaªnus, com temperaturas médias de até900 graus Fahrenheit osquente o suficiente para derreter chumbo.
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)
Sequaªncia de imagens do Solar Dynamic Observatory em 171 comprimentos de onda do tra¢nsito de Vaªnus, mescladas para mostrar o caminho de Vaªnus atravanãs do sol. Crédito: NASA/SDO
Se não fosse pela atmosfera densa e veloz de Vaªnus, o planeta irmão da Terra provavelmente não giraria. Em vez disso, Vaªnus estaria travado no lugar, sempre voltado para o sol da mesma forma que o mesmo lado da lua sempre estãovoltado para a Terra.
A gravidade de um objeto grande no espaço pode impedir que um objeto menor gire, um fena´meno chamado travamento de maranã. Por impedir esse bloqueio, um cientista da UC Riverside argumenta que a atmosfera precisa ser um fator mais proeminente nos estudos de Vaªnus e de outros planetas.
Esses argumentos, bem como as descrições de Vaªnus como um planeta parcialmente bloqueado por maranã, foram publicados hoje em um artigo da Nature Astronomy .
“Pensamos na atmosfera como uma camada fina e quase separada no topo de um planeta que tem interação manima com o planeta sãolidoâ€, disse Stephen Kane, astrofisico da UCR e principal autor do artigo. “A poderosa atmosfera de Vaªnus nos ensina que éuma parte muito mais integrada do planeta que afeta absolutamente tudo, atéa velocidade com que o planeta giraâ€.
Vaªnus leva 243 dias terrestres para girar uma vez, mas sua atmosfera circula o planeta a cada quatro dias. Ventos extremamente rápidos fazem com que a atmosfera se arraste ao longo dasuperfÍcie do planeta enquanto circula, diminuindo sua rotação e também afrouxando o controle da gravidade do sol.
A rotação lenta, por sua vez, tem consequaªncias drama¡ticas para o clima sufocante de Vaªnus, com temperaturas médias de até900 graus Fahrenheit osquente o suficiente para derreter chumbo.
“a‰ incrivelmente alienagena, uma experiência muito diferente de estar na Terraâ€, disse Kane. "Estar nasuperfÍcie de Vaªnus seria como estar no fundo de um oceano muito quente. Vocaª não conseguiria respirar nele."
Uma razãopara o calor éque quase toda a energia do sol absorvida pelo planeta éabsorvida pela atmosfera de Vaªnus, nunca atingindo asuperfÍcie. Isso significa que um rover com painanãis solares como o que a NASA enviou para Marte não funcionaria.
Vaªnus brilhante visto perto da lua crescente. Crédito: NASA/Bill Dunford
A atmosfera venusiana também bloqueia a energia do sol de deixar o planeta, impedindo o resfriamento ou a águalaquida em suasuperfÍcie, um estado conhecido como efeito estufa descontrolado .
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Nãoestãoclaro se o bloqueio parcial da marécontribui para esse estado de estufa descontrolado, uma condição que, em última análise, torna um planeta inabita¡vel pela vida como a conhecemos.
Nãosão éimportante obter clareza sobre esta questãopara entender Vaªnus, éimportante estudar os exoplanetas que provavelmente sera£o alvo de futuras missaµes da NASA.
A maioria dos planetas que podem ser observados com o recanãm-lana§ado Telescópio Espacial James Webb estãomuito perto de suas estrelas, ainda mais perto do que Vaªnus estãodo sol. Portanto, eles também provavelmente sera£o bloqueados por maranã.
Como os humanos podem nunca ser capazes de visitar exoplanetas pessoalmente, éfundamental garantir que os modelos de computador expliquem os efeitos do bloqueio de maranã. "Vaªnus éa nossa oportunidade de obter esses modelos corretos, para que possamos entender adequadamente os ambientes dasuperfÍcie dos planetas em torno de outras estrelas", disse Kane.
"Nãoestamos fazendo um bom trabalho ao considerar isso agora. Estamos usando principalmente modelos do tipo terrestre para interpretar as propriedades dos exoplanetas. Vaªnus estãoagitando os dois braa§os dizendo: 'olhe aqui!'"
Obter clareza sobre os fatores que contribuaram para um estado de estufa descontrolado em Vaªnus, o vizinho planetario mais pra³ximo da Terra, também pode ajudar a melhorar os modelos do que um dia pode acontecer com o clima da Terra.
"Em última análise, minha motivação em estudar Vaªnus éentender melhor a Terra", disse Kane.