O DAVINCI, um laboratório voador de química analatica, medira¡ pela primeira vez aspectos craticos do enorme sistema atmosfera-clima de Vaªnus, muitos dos quais tem sido objetivos de media§a£o para Vaªnus desde o inicio dos anos 80.
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)
Crédito: NASA
Em um artigo publicado recentemente no The Planetary Science Journal , cientistas e engenheiros da NASA fornecem novos detalhes sobre a missão Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble Gas, Chemistry, and Imaging (DAVINCI) da agaªncia, que descera¡ atravanãs da atmosfera em camadas de Vaªnus atéasuperfÍcie de o planeta em meados de 2031. A DAVINCI éa primeira missão a estudar Vaªnus usando tanto sobrevoos de naves espaciais quanto uma sonda de descida.
O DAVINCI, um laboratório voador de química analatica, medira¡ pela primeira vez aspectos craticos do enorme sistema atmosfera-clima de Vaªnus, muitos dos quais tem sido objetivos de medição para Vaªnus desde o inicio dos anos 80. Ele também fornecera¡ a primeira imagem de descida das terras altas montanhosas de Vaªnus enquanto mapeia sua composição rochosa e relevo desuperfÍcie em escalas impossaveis de a³rbita. A missão suporta medições de gases não descobertos presentes em pequenas quantidades e na atmosfera mais profunda, incluindo a proporção chave de isãotopos de hidrogaªnio oscomponentes da águaque ajudam a revelar a história da a¡gua, seja como oceanos de águalaquida ou vapor na atmosfera primitiva.
A nave espacial portadora, retransmissora e de imagem (CRIS) da missão tem dois instrumentos a bordo que estudara£o as nuvens do planeta e mapeara£o suas áreas montanhosas durante sobrevoos de Vaªnus e também lana§ara£o uma pequena sonda de descida com cinco instrumentos que fornecera£o uma mistura de novas medições em precisão muito alta durante sua descida a superfÍcie infernal de Vaªnus.
“Este conjunto de dados de imagem química, ambiental e de descida pintara¡ uma imagem da atmosfera em camadas de Vaªnus e como ela interage com asuperfÍcie nas montanhas de Alpha Regio, que tem o dobro do tamanho do Texasâ€, disse Jim Garvin, autor principal. do artigo no Planetary Science Journal e investigador principal da DAVINCI do Goddard Space Flight Center da NASA em Greenbelt, Maryland. “Essas medições nos permitira£o avaliar aspectos hista³ricos da atmosfera, bem como detectar tipos especiais de rochas nasuperfÍcie, como granitos, enquanto também procuramos caracteristicas da paisagem reveladoras que possam nos informar sobre erosão ou outros processos formativosâ€.
A DAVINCI fara¡ uso de três assistentes de gravidade de Vaªnus, que economizam combustavel usando a gravidade do planeta para alterar a velocidade e/ou direção do sistema de voo CRIS. As duas primeiras assistaªncias de gravidade preparara£o o CRIS para um sobrevoo de Vaªnus para realizar o sensoriamento remoto na luz ultravioleta e infravermelha próxima, adquirindo mais de 60 gigabits de novos dados sobre a atmosfera e asuperfÍcie. O terceiro assistente de gravidade de Vaªnus configurara¡ a Espaçonave para liberar a sonda para entrada, descida, ciência e pouso, além de transmissão subsequente para a Terra.
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O primeiro sobrevoo de Vaªnus seráseis meses e meio após o lana§amento e levara¡ dois anos para colocar a sonda em posição de entrada na atmosfera sobre Alpha Regio sob iluminação ideal ao "meio-dia", com o objetivo de medir as paisagens de Vaªnus em escalas que variam de 328 panãs (100 metros) a mais de um metro. Essas escalas permitem estudos geola³gicos no estilo de aterrissagem nas montanhas de Vaªnus sem a necessidade de pouso.
Assim que o sistema CRIS estiver a cerca de dois dias de distância de Vaªnus, o sistema de voo da sonda serálana§ado junto com a sonda de tita¢nio de três panãs (um metro) de dia¢metro encaixada com segurança dentro. A sonda comea§ara¡ a interagir com a atmosfera superior de Vaªnus a cerca de 120 quila´metros acima dasuperfÍcie. A sonda cientafica iniciara¡ as observações cientaficas depois de descartar seu escudo tanãrmico a cerca de 67 quila´metros acima dasuperfÍcie. Com o escudo de calor descartado, as entradas da sonda ingerira£o amostras de gás atmosfanãrico para medições químicas detalhadas do tipo que foram feitas em Marte com o rover Curiosity. Durante sua descida de uma hora a superfÍcie, a sonda também adquirira¡ centenas de imagens assim que emergir sob as nuvens a cerca de 30.500 metros acima dasuperfÍcie local.
“A sonda vai pousar nas montanhas Alpha Regio, mas não precisa operar assim que pousar, pois todos os dados cientaficos necessa¡rios sera£o coletados antes de chegar a superfÍcieâ€, disse Stephanie Getty, vice-investigadora principal de Goddard. “Se sobrevivermos ao pouso a cerca de 25 milhas por hora (12 metros/segundo), poderemos ter até17 a 18 minutos de operações nasuperfÍcie em condições ideaisâ€.
O DAVINCI estãoprogramado para ser lana§ado em junho de 2029 e entrar na atmosfera venusiana em junho de 2031.
"Nenhuma missão anterior na atmosfera de Vaªnus mediu a química ou os ambientes com os detalhes que a sonda da DAVINCI pode fazer", disse Garvin. "Além disso, nenhuma missão anterior de Vaªnus desceu sobre as terras altas de tesselas de Vaªnus, e nenhuma conduziu imagens de descida dasuperfÍcie de Vaªnus. com capacidades e sensores do século 21."